UHiki i ka ltraviolet absorbers ke hoʻopaʻa i nā kukuna ultraviolet kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, hoʻololi iā lākou i ke ʻano o ka ikehu, hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a laila e hoʻopau iā ia ma o ka ikehu wela a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e pale aku ai i ka pōʻino o ka ʻili i hana ʻia e nā kukuna ultraviolet, a e pale aku i nā hopena decomposition photophysical a photochemical o nā polymers kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka absorption o nā kukui ultraviolet. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka mea hoʻohana maʻamau o ka UV absorbers he benzophenones, benzotriazoles, salicylates, substituted acrylonitriles, triazines a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka Shanghai Jingyan Chemical aʻe e hoʻolauna i ke ʻano o ka hana o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka UV absorbers.
1. Nā Benzophenones
ʻO Benzophenone UV absorbers ka papa hoʻohana nui loa o nā UV absorbers, nāna e hoʻopaʻa mālie iā UV-A, UV-B a me UV-C. Hiki i ka hui ketone a me ka pūʻulu hydroxyl i loko o ka mole ke hana i kahi paʻa hydrogen intrinsic e hana i ke apo butyl chelate. Ma hope o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i ka ikehu kukui ultraviolet, e loaʻa i ka mole i ka haʻalulu wela, ua haki ka paʻa hydrogen kūloko, wehe ʻia ke apo chelate, a hoʻololi ʻia ka ikehu ultraviolet i ka ikehu wela a hoʻokuʻu ʻia. Eia kekahi, e hauʻoli ka hui carbonyl i loko o ka mole e ka ikehu kukui ultraviolet i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e hopena i ka mutation a me ka enol structure, kahi e hoʻopau ai i kahi ʻāpana o ka ikehu. I kēia ʻano o ka UV absorber, pili ka ikaika o ka intramolecular hydrogen bond i kona hopena stabilization māmā. ʻO ka hopena stabilization o ka UV absorber pili pū me ka lōʻihi o ke kaulahao alkoxy ma ke apo benzene. Inā kūpono ka lōʻihi me ka polymer, kūpono ka hopena stabilization. I loko o ka benzophenone UV absorber, ʻo ke kūlana ortho o ka carbonyl pono e loaʻa i nā pūʻulu hydroxyl 10, inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i ka hydrogen intrinsic a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he UV absorber. Ka waihoʻoluʻu, kūpono maikaʻi me nā polymers molecular kiʻekiʻe. Inā ʻelua pūʻulu hydroxyl ma ke kūlana ortho o ka pūʻulu carbonyl, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopaʻa i nā kukuna ultraviolet o 300-400 fm, a hiki nō hoʻi ke komo i kekahi hapa o ka mālamalama ʻikea. Ma muli o ke komo ʻana o ke kukui ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole kaulike ke kukui hoʻohui, a ʻike ʻia nā ʻatikala e hoʻopili ana i kēia UV absorber. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā polymers molecular kiʻekiʻe, no laila he liʻiliʻi kona pae noi. ʻOiai he hiki i ka benzophenone me ka ʻole o-hui hydroxyl ke komo i nā kukuna ultraviolet, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe iā ia iho ke ʻike ʻia i ka mālamalama, no laila ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he ultraviolet absorbers.
2. Salicylate
ʻO Salicylate UV absorbers ka mea mua e hoʻohana ʻia, a ʻo nā salicylates kekahi i loaʻa nā paʻa hydrogen intrinsic i loko o ka mole. ʻO kēia ʻano o ka ultraviolet absorber he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa e komo i nā kukuna ultraviolet i ka hoʻomaka ʻana, a he haiki loa ka laulā absorption (emi ma lalo o 340vm), akā ma hope o kekahi manawa o ka ultraviolet irradiation, piʻi mālie kona absorption a hiki i ka waiwai absorption kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana o nā mole ma lalo o ka ultraviolet irradiation. , ka hana ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā benzophenone me ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ultraviolet ikaika, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kāna absorption ultraviolet. No laila, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Pioneer UV Absorber. Ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o ka dihydroxybenzophenone a me kāna mau derivatives, hiki iā lākou ke komo i kahi ʻāpana o ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia a ʻike ʻia ka melemele, e hopena i ka melemele o nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia me kēia mea hoʻoheheʻe ultraviolet.
3. Nā Benzotriazoles
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana o ka benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbers like me ka benzophenone. ʻIke ʻia ke kukui ma luna o nā mika, no laila ʻaʻole e kala ʻia ka huahana;
4. Hoʻololi i ka acrylonitrile a me ka triazine
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka acrylonitrile a me ka triazine ultraviolet absorbers, e like me ke ʻano o ka hana, he cis -trans isomerization, i hoʻololi ʻia ka ikehu o ka mālamalama i ka ikehu ʻino a hoʻokuʻu ʻia, a ʻo nā mea hoʻonaninani ultraviolet i hoʻololi ʻia e ka acrylonitrile hiki ke komo i ka 290-320 fm Ultraviolet kukui, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i ke kukui ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kukui ultraviolet, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i ke kukui ʻike ʻia. chromogenic gene a me chromogenic pūʻulu me ka nalu nalu ma lalo o 400-M, ua pili nā mea a pau i ke kumu ʻala.
5. Nā papa ʻē aʻe
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Organickel e like me ka UV absorber, akā ua helu ʻia ʻo ia he quencher, nona ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hoʻomoʻi i ke kukui UV ma mua o ka mea ma mua, akā pale i ka dissociation o ka polymer a puni ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i ke kukui UV. Hoʻopiʻi ka polymer organonickel me nā molekala i loko o ka polymer e hauʻoli nei i ke kūlana hauʻoli ma lalo o ka hoʻomālamalama kukui ultraviolet, no laila e hoʻi ke kūlana hauʻoli i ke kūlana hauʻoli. Ma ka 'āina, ua ho'ololi 'ia ka ikehu ultraviolet i -'ano ikehu ha'aha'a me ka make 'ole. No ka pale ʻana i ka polymer mai ka luku ʻia ʻana, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he kinai no ka mea ʻokoʻa kona ʻano hana me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe UV maʻamau. Hoʻololi nā mea hoʻoheheʻe UV i ko lākou ʻano mole, a hoʻopau wale nā mea hoʻopau i ka ikehu ma o ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka ikehu intermolecular.
Eia kekahi, ʻeleʻele kalapona, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zinc barium a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka sunscreen kekahi papa o nā mea hiki ke hoʻopaʻa a hōʻike i nā kukuna ultraviolet. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi papa pale ma waena o ka polymer a me ke kumu kukui e hoʻomoʻa a hōʻike paha i nā kukuna ultraviolet. Ke hiki aku ia i ka ili polymer, Absorbed a hoike ia, e pale ana i ke kukui UV mai ke komo ana i loko o ka polimer, me ke kalapona kalapona ka mea maikai loa. ʻO nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe radical manuahi kekahi papa o nā mea hiki ke hana i ka hoʻopaʻa māmā, a he piperidine derivatives me ka hopena steric hindrance, i kapa ʻia ʻo hindered amine light stabilizers.
