Heluhelu alakai
Hiki i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe Ultraviolet ke komo ikaika a koho i nā kukuna ultraviolet kiʻekiʻe, a ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ikehu i hoʻopau ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia e like me ka ikehu wela a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa -ʻeleʻele, a laila e pale aku i ka pōʻino i ka ʻili a pale i ka polymer Absorption o ka ikehu ultraviolet e hopena i ka excitation a me photophysical a me photochemical decomposition.
1.ke kumu o ka UV absorber:
'Oko'a ke 'ano o ka ikehu malamalama a me ka ho'ololi 'ana o ka UV absorbers, a ua wehewehe 'ia penei;
l Nā Benzophenones
ʻO Benzophenone UV absorbers ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia o ka UV absorbers. He hopena lohi kēia ʻano o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe UV ma uV-A, uV-B, a me uV-C. Hiki i ka hui ketone a me ka pūʻulu hydroxyl i loko o ka mole ke hoʻohua i kahi paʻa hydrogen kūloko e hana i ke apo chelating. Ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ikehu kukui ultraviolet, hiki mai ka haʻalulu wela o ka mole, ua haki ka paʻa hydrogen kūloko, a wehe ʻia ke apo chelate. Hoʻololi ʻia ka ikehu o ke kukui ultraviolet i ka ikehu wela a hoʻokuʻu ʻia. Eia kekahi, e hoʻopili ʻia ka hui carbonyl i loko o ka mole e ka ikehu kukui ultraviolet. Hauʻoli, hopena i tautomerism. E hana i ka enol. Hoʻopau kēia i kahi hapa o ka ikehu. Ma kēia ʻano o ka UV absorber, pili ka ikaika o ka paʻa hydrogen i loko o ka mole i kona hopena photostabilization. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka paʻa o ka oxygen, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu e pono ai e hoʻopau iā ia, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu UV i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a pau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena; i ole ia pela no. Pili pū ka hopena hoʻokūpaʻa i ka lōʻihi o ke kaulahao alkoxy ma ke apo benzene. Inā lōʻihi ka lōʻihi, maikaʻi ka launa pū me ka polymer. Ua pololei ka hopena stabilization. I loko o ka benzophenone UV absorbers, pono e loaʻa i kahi hui hydroxyl ma ke kūlana ortho o ka hui carbonyl, inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i kahi paʻa hydrogen kūloko, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he UV absorber me kahi hui ortho hydroxyl. Hiki iā ia ke komo i nā kukuna ultraviolet 290 ~ 380 ~ m, aneane ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ke kukui ʻike, ʻaʻohe kala, a me ka hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi me nā polymers molecular kiʻekiʻe. Inā ʻelua pūʻulu hydroxyl ma ke kūlana ortho o ka pūʻulu carbonyl, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopaʻa i nā kukuna ultraviolet o 300-400fzm, a e komo pū kekahi i kahi o ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia. Ma muli o ka absorption o ka ʻike maka, ʻaʻole kaulike ke kukui hoʻohui. He melemele nā ʻatikala i hoʻohui ʻia me kēia mea hoʻopau ultraviolet. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā polymers molekula. No laila, liʻiliʻi kona hoʻohana ʻana. ʻOiai he hiki i ka benzophenone me ka ʻole o-hydroxyl ke komo i nā kukuna ultraviolet. Eia nō naʻe, e hana ia i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana iā ia iho ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana i ka mālamalama, no laila ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he ultraviolet absorber.
l Salicylates
ʻO Salicylate UV absorbers ke ʻano mua loa o ka UV absorbers, a loaʻa pū i nā salicylates nā paʻa hydrogen i loko o ka mole. He haʻahaʻa loa ka hiki ʻana o kēia ʻano o ka ultraviolet absorber i ka hoʻomaka ʻana, a he haiki loa ka laulā absorption (ma lalo o 340vm), akā ma hope o kekahi manawa o ka ultraviolet irradiation, piʻi mālie kona absorption a hiki i ka absorption kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻo ia ka mea ma muli o kona hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana i ka Molecular e hana ʻia ma lalo o ka ultraviolet irradiation ikaika, e hoʻokumu ana i kahi ʻano o ka ultraviolet irradiation. omo ana. No laila, kapa ka poʻe he paionia UV absorber. ʻO ka bishydroxybenzophenone a me kāna mau mea i hana ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana o ka molekala hiki ke komo i kahi ʻāpana o ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia a ʻike ʻia ka melemele, ka hopena i ka melemele o ka mea i hoʻohui ʻia i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ultraviolet.
l ʻO Benzotriazoles
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana o nā benzotriazole UV absorbers ua like ia me nā benzophenones. Loaʻa i nā Benzotriazoles ka laulā o ka ultraviolet absorption, a hiki ke komo i ka mālamalama me ka lōʻihi o 300-400-m. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke komo i ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia ma luna o 400~m, no laila ʻaʻole e kahe ka huahana.
l ʻO nā ʻano mea ʻē aʻe o ka UV absorbers
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka acrylonitrile i hoʻololi ʻia, triazine ultraviolet absorber, kona ʻano hana e like me ka cis -trans isomerization, i hiki ai i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ikehu o ka mālamalama a i ʻole ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka ikehu kino ʻole. Hiki i ka Acrylonitrile i hoʻololi i ka ultraviolet i ke kukui ultraviolet o 290-320Fm, ʻaʻole e komo i ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia, a ʻaʻole e hoʻokahe ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia. Hiki iā Sanhao UV absorber ke komo i ka 300 ~ 400 ~ m o ke kukui UV. Hiki i ka UV absorbers ke hoʻopaʻa i nā genes auxochromic (e like me -NH, -OH, -SOH, -cOOH, etc.) a me nā chromophores (e like me C:N, N:N, N:O, C) me ka nalu ma lalo o 400~m:O etc.). Hoʻopili ʻia lākou a pau i ka nucleus aromatic. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Organonickel e like me ka UV absorber, akā ua helu ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he quencher (i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka deactivator a i ʻole he mea hoʻoheheʻe matting, a i ʻole ka laser state quencher, energy quencher), a ʻoi aku ka nui o kona hiki ke komo i nā kukui ultraviolet ma mua o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Hoʻopili nā hui nickel organik me nā molekala i hauʻoli i ke kūlana hauʻoli o ka polymer i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomālamalama kukui ultraviolet, no laila e hoʻi ke kūlana hauʻoli i ka ʻāina honua, a ua hoʻololi ʻia ka ikehu ultraviolet i kahi haʻahaʻa -huahana spectral emission me ka luku ʻole. , i mea e pale ai i ka polimer mai ka poino. No laila, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo quencher no ka mea ʻokoʻa kona ʻano hana me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ultraviolet maʻamau. Hoʻololi ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ultraviolet i ke ʻano o ka mole ponoʻī, aʻo ka quencher e hoʻopau i ka ikehu ma o ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka ikehu ma waena o nā mole.
Eia kekahi,ʻo nā mea pale māmā e like me ke kalaponaʻeleʻele, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zinc barium, a me nā mea'ē aʻe kekahiʻano mea e hiki ke hoʻopili a hōʻike paha i nā kukui ultraviolet. Ke hiki i ka ʻili o ka polymer, hoʻopili ʻia a ʻike ʻia, e pale ana i nā kukuna ultraviolet mai ke komo hohonu i loko o ka polymer. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa o lākou he kalapona ʻeleʻele.
ʻO nā scavengers radical kekahi papa o nā mea hiki ke hana i ka hoʻopaʻa māmā. ʻO lākou nā piperidine derivatives me ka hopena steric hindrance, a ua kapa ʻia ʻo hindered amine light stabilizers.
2. ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea hoʻopili UV:
l Nā Benzophenones
ʻO ka Benzophenone UV absorbers he mau mea ia o ka o-hydroxybenzophenone, me ka monohydroxyl, dihydroxyl, trihydroxyl, tetrahydroxyl derivatives, a pela aku. , polyvinyl chloride, ABS, polystyrene, polyamide a me nā polymers kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā mea textile, ʻo ia mau UV absorbers he kūpono kūpono me ka hapa nui o nā polymers kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kukui maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa wela. ʻAʻole ia e decompose ma 200degereC, akā he sublimation ikaika. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā pena a me nā plastics, a ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohui ʻana he 0.1 a 0.5.
l Salicylates
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka absorption UV o ka salicylate UV absorbers ma mua o ka benzophenones, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka puʻupuʻu absorption (ma lalo o 3409m), a ʻaʻole paʻa loa i ka kukui UV ponoʻī. Hiki i nā forks ke komo i ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia a hana i ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia He melemele, akā ʻoi aku kona kumukūʻai. He kūpono maikaʻi me nā polymers kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻohana ʻia i nā polymers kiʻekiʻe e like me ke kaula fiber, polyester, PVC, PE, polyvinylidene a me ka polystyrene.
l ʻO Benzotriazoles
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana o nā benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbers ma mua o nā benzophenones, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ikaika i ke kukui ultraviolet o 310-385pm, a paʻakikī hoʻi i ka mālamalama ʻike. He maikaʻi nō hoʻi kona kūpaʻa, akā ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o ke kumukūʻai.
Hiki i ka UV-P ke komo i ke kukui ultraviolet me ka loa hawewe o 270-380nm, hiki ole ke komo i ka malamalama ikeia, a he ha'aha'a kona kala mua. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, unsaturated polyester, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, ABS a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe, kūpono loa no nā huahana kala ʻole, ʻike a me nā kukui. Akā, ʻaʻole kopa, no ka mea, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ke kopa alkaline, e melemele ke kala o ka fiber. Hiki i ka uV-326 ke komo pono i ke kukui ultraviolet me ka nalu o 270-380nm, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, unsaturated polyester, polyamide, epoxy resin, ABS, polyurethane a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. Paʻa maikaʻi. He insensitive i nā ion metala, he haʻahaʻa volatility, he hopena antioxidant, a maʻalahi ke kala i ka pae mua. Hiki i ka uV-327 ke komo ikaika i ke kukui ultraviolet me ka nalu o 270-300nm, a he kūpono ia no ka polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyoxymethylene polyurethane, ABS, epoxy resin, etc. uV-54l1 hoʻohana i ke kukui ultraviolet ma kahi ākea, ʻo ka kiʻekiʻe absorption peak he 345nm i ka ethanol) hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, unsaturated polyester, rigid PVC, polycarbonate, ABS, etc.
l Triazine
He kiʻekiʻe ka mana hoʻoheheʻe o Triazine UV no ke kukui UV ma ka laulā o 280-380nm. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me benzotriazole stabilizers, ʻo ka mana absorption kahi ʻano o ka mea hoʻonaninani māmā absorption. He 2-hydroxyphenyltriazine derivative a loa'a kahi hui hydroxyl ma ke kūlana ortho. ʻO ka hopena ultraviolet absorption o kēia mau pūhui e pili ana i ka helu o nā hui hydroxyl pili. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā pūʻulu hydroxyl pili, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hiki ke komo i ke kukui ultraviolet. Hiki i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea pani like ʻole ke hōʻemi i ke ʻano kumu o ke apo triazine s{11}}, akā hoʻomaikaʻi i ka māmā māmā o ka pūhui a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka resin . 327. ʻaʻole kūpono i nā polymers a me ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka noi. ʻO ka derivative o -hydroxyphenyldiphenyltriazine i hoʻomohala ʻia e Ciba-Geigy Company he cationic self-dispersing UV absorber me ka maikaʻi sublimation fastness a me ka wela-fixing properties, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ke kala wela kiʻekiʻe, pad dyeing a me ke kala. paʻi ʻana.
l E pani i ka acrylonitrile
Hiki i kēia ʻano o ka UV absorber ke komo i ka 310 ~ 320 ~ m o ke kukui UV, akā haʻahaʻa ka helu absorption. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi a me ka launa pū me nā polymers kiʻekiʻe. N-53 e komo ikaika i na kukuna ultraviolet me ka loa hawewe o 270 a 350 nm. He kūpono ia no ka polyvinyl chloride, acetal resin, polyolefin, epoxy resin, polyamide, acrylic acid Resin, polyurethane, urea-formaldehyde resin a me nitrocellulose, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe kūpono no nā huahana polyvinyl chloride. Kūleʻa alkali maikaʻi. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ethanol a me ka methanol, a hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. ʻO ka maʻamau he 0.1% a 0.5%. ʻO ka N-539 he wai melemele māmā, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kūlohelohe maʻamau. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i nā huahana photothermal stability maikaʻi loa, a he kūpono maikaʻi me nā resins. ʻAʻole kala. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea synthetic like ʻole.
3. ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā UV absorbers i nā textiles:
Nui ka hoihoi i nā lole pale UV-i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Ua hoʻokumu mua ʻia nā kimono fiber -UV ma Iapana
Ma Kina, ua hana ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana no ka hana ʻana i nā lole haʻuki anti-ultraviolet, nā kāmaʻa, nā pāpale a me nā umbrellas lā. Wahi
ʻO nā mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia, ʻo ia ka-mea hoʻoheheʻe ultraviolet i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, ʻo ka benzophenones ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia.
l Ka hana 'ana i nā fiber -kū'ē
E hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe UV a me nā mea pale (e like me ZnO, TiO2, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) e hui pū ʻia i loko o nā fiber no ka milo e hana i nā fibers pale UV. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā lole i ulana ʻia ma mua o ka -hopena hoʻopau ʻana ma ke ʻano o ke ʻano a me ka holoi ʻana. . Hiki i kēia fiber ke uhi i ka 60% o nā kukuna ultraviolet i ka mālamalama. Ma lalo o ka lā pololei, hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana o ka lole e 4degere, a ua kūʻai ʻia i kēia manawa.
l Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke ʻano e hoʻopili ai i ka UV absorber
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā UV absorbers i nā lole a i ʻole nā lole e like me ke ʻano o ka UV absorber. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ultraviolet absorbers hiki ke hana i nā paʻa hydrogen me nā pūʻulu hydroxyl o cellulose, nā pūʻulu amide o polyamides, nā pūʻulu amino ma ka hulu hipa a me ka siliki i loko o ka ʻauʻau ʻauʻau a hoʻoluʻu a hoʻoluʻu i nā fibers i ka manawa like. ʻO ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana, ka pad dyeing a i ʻole ke ʻano paʻi ʻana a i ʻole ka palapala hoʻopau palupalu. Ua kūkulu ʻo Ciba-Geigy a me Clariant i nā huahana like ʻole. Inā hoʻohana ʻia ka benzophenone UV absorber, e like me Uvinul DP-uV o BASF, aia ʻelua pūʻulu hydroxyl i loko. Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā paʻa hydrogen me ka cellulose, ka hulu hipa, ka siliki a me nā fiber polyamide a loaʻa ka pilina. Hiki iā ia ke kala i nā pulupulu a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka lāʻau hoʻoluu wai. ʻO DP-uV 10 ka nui-20 (OWf). Hana ma 80degereno 30 min. ʻO ke ʻano o ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻana i ka pā DP -uV 10O-Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Z00g/L. E hoʻohui i ka mea hoʻoluʻu 30g/L, ka pad dye ma 60degere, a maloʻo i ka 100degereno 3 min. Hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia i ka hui pū ʻana me kahi mea pale wai. Hiki ke hana 'ia i hale lole pale -ultraviolet, me ka wai wai o 60g/L. DP uV 80-150g/L, he catalyst (e like me MgCI 2·6H2O) 5g/L. ʻO ka uhi ʻana, ka maloʻo ʻana a me ka kuke ʻana (150degereC no 2 min). Hiki i kēia ʻano noi ke hoʻokō i ka hopena o ka holoi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa, a ʻo ka pale pale o nā kukui ultraviolet mai 280 a 400vm hiki ke piʻi ma mua o 85%.
l ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i nā microcapsules a laila hoʻopili iā lākou i nā lole
Hana ʻia ka ultraviolet absorber i microcapsules e ka ʻenehana microcapsule, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna capsule i nā polymers molecular kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka styrene a me ka acrylate, a ua hana ʻia nā microcapsules e ke ʻano o nā microcapsules i ka polymerization. Hoʻopili ʻia ka UV absorber i loko o ke kiko o ka capsule, a laila hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā microcapsules ma ka lole me nā mea hoʻopili a me -linking agents, hiki ke hana ʻia i textiles me ka nui o ka pale UV ma mua o 85. Hiki i nā microcapsules ke hoʻokuʻu mālie i ka UV absorber. ʻO ke kumu o ka pale UV kūpono.
l Ke hoʻohana nei i ke ʻano o ka uhi ʻana
Hoʻohuiʻia ka mea hoʻopili ultraviolet i ka mea hoʻopili. Lawe ʻia ka uhi ʻana, hoʻomaloʻo a me ka kuke ʻana, a hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻopau hana ʻē aʻe i ka wai uhi. ʻO ka hale lole a me ka pāpale i hana ʻia e kēia ʻano hana. He maʻalahi ke ʻano, akā hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka pale ʻana i ka wā a me ka holoi ʻana.
