(1) He hopena maikaʻi ko ka mea pale kukui a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, akā, he mau mea pale māmā a me ka waihoʻoluʻu a kūpono wale no nā mea opaque;
(2) He ākea ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka UV absorbers, akā ma muli o kā lākou hopena pale, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke pale pono i ka ʻili o nā huahana a me nā huahana lahilahi. I ka manawa like, no ka mea, he mau mea hoʻohuihui maʻemaʻe lākou, he palupalu, mohala, neʻe, a lawe ʻia e nā solvents. A me nā hemahema ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i pili wale i ka lōʻihi o kona pono, akā ke kumu hoʻi i ka pollution kaiapuni;
(3) ʻO ka hauʻoli mokuʻāina quencher a me ka hydroperoxide decomposer loaʻa ke kūpaʻa māmā kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, pua liʻiliʻi a me ka neʻe ʻana a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka unuhi ʻana, hiki ke pale pono i ka ʻili o ka huahana a me nā huahana lahilahi. Eia naʻe, hohonu ka waihoʻoluʻu, ʻawaʻawa a haumia i ke kaiapuni, a e decompose a hoʻololi ke kala i ka wela kiʻekiʻe, a he hopena kūʻē i ka sulfur -mea hoʻohui;
(4) ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe radical manuahi he kala māmā, kūpaʻa māmā maikaʻi, a hiki ke pale pono i ka ʻili o nā huahana a me nā huahana lahilahi. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o kona alkalinity, he hopena antagonistic me nā substrates acid a me nā mea hoʻohui. E pili ana ke kaiapuni ʻakika i kāna hana. I ka manawa like, e like me ka ultraviolet absorbers, he mau mea hoʻohuihui maʻemaʻe nō hoʻi lākou, loaʻa iā lākou nā hemahema e like me ka volatility, blooming, migration, a me ka unuhi.
